Teratoma mesentérico maduro en una mujer adulta: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Mature mesenteric teratoma in an adult women: Case report and literature

Introducción. Los teratomas son neoplasias que surgen a partir de células germinales pluripotenciales y derivan de dos o más capas de células. Se clasifican en tumores maduros, que contienen tejidos bien diferenciados, o inmaduros, que contienen estructuras inmaduras y embrionarias. Su localización más frecuente son las gónadas; la ubicación mesentérica es infrecuente y se han descrito aproximadamente 40 casos en la literatura mundial. Dentro del abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico, se emplea la tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética nuclear para caracterizar la lesión, evaluar la extensión intraabdominal y la relación con otras estructuras. El diagnóstico debe confirmarse mediante el examen histopatológico. Caso clínico. Paciente femenina de 56 años, con antecedente de carcinoma ductal infiltrante de mama izquierda en remisión, en estudios de seguimiento con hallazgo incidental en tomografía de abdomen de lesión abdominopélvica dependiente del mesenterio, contornos lisos y nivel grasa-líquido. Estudios de extensión con marcadores tumorales negativos. Resultados. Por la alta sospecha clínica e imagenológica de teratoma, fue llevada a resección quirúrgica de la lesión. El examen histopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico de teratoma quístico maduro del mesenterio. Conclusión. El teratoma mesentérico es una entidad clínica rara, que debe ser considerado como uno de los diagnósticos diferenciales de una masa abdominal con efecto compresivo. El diagnóstico se basa principalmente en el examen clínico y los hallazgos imagenológicos. La escisión quirúrgica temprana es el pilar del tratamiento; el abordaje laparoscópico o abierto depende de las características clínicas y la experiencia del cirujano.

Background. Teratomas are neoplasms that arise from pluripotent germ cells, derived from two or more layers of germ cells. They are classified as mature tumors (cystic or solid), which contain well-differentiated tissues, or as immature tumors, which contain immature and embryonic structures. Its most frequent location is the female and male gonads; the mesenteric location is rare and approximately 40 cases have been described in the world literature. Within the diagnostic and therapeutic approach, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are used to characterize the lesion, assess intra-abdominal extension and the relationship with other structures. The diagnosis must be confirmed by histopathological examination. Clinical case. A 56-year-old female patient with a history of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the left breast in remission. In follow-up studies, incidental abdominal tomography finding of an abdominopelvic lesion dependent on the mesentery at the level of the mesogastrium, smooth contours with fat-liquid level. Extension studies with negative tumor markers. Results. Due to high clinical and imaging suspicion of teratoma, the patient was taken to resection of the lesion. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma of the mesentery. Conclusion. Mesenteric teratoma is a rare clinical entity and is considered one of the differential diagnoses of an abdominal mass with a compressive effect. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical examination and imaging findings. Early surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment; laparoscopic or open approach depends on the clinical characteristics and the experience of the surgeon.

Neoplasia quística mucinosa en la vía biliar intrahepática. Presentación de dos casos / Mucinous cystic neoplasm in the intrahepatic bile duct. Presentation of two cases

Introducción. Las neoplasias quísticas mucinosas del hígado son tumores poco frecuentes, equivalen a menos del 5 % de todas las lesiones quísticas hepáticas y se originan generalmente en la vía biliar intrahepática, con poco compromiso extrahepático. En la mayoría de los casos su diagnóstico es incidental dado que es una entidad generalmente asintomática con un curso benigno; sin embargo, hasta en el 30 % pueden ser malignas. En todos los casos se debe hacer una resección quirúrgica completa de la lesión. Caso clínico. Se presentan dos pacientes con diagnóstico de neoplasia quística mucinosa en la vía biliar intrahepática, así como sus manifestaciones clínicas, hallazgos imagenológicos y tratamiento. Discusión. Debido a su baja incidencia, esta patología constituye un reto diagnóstico, que se puede confundir con otro tipo de entidades más comunes. El diagnóstico definitivo se hace de forma histopatológica, pero en todos los casos, ante la sospecha clínica, se recomienda la resección completa. Conclusión. Se presentan dos pacientes con diagnóstico de neoplasias quísticas mucinosas del hígado, una entidad poco frecuente y de difícil diagnóstico

Introduction. Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the liver are rare tumors, accounting for less than 5% of all liver cystic lesions, and generally originate from the intrahepatic bile duct with little extrahepatic involvement. In most cases its diagnosis is incidental since it is a generally asymptomatic entity with a benign course; however, up to 30% can have a malignant course. In all cases, complete surgical resection of the lesion must be performed. Clinical case. Two patients with a diagnosis of mucinous cystic neoplasm in the intrahepatic bile duct are presented, as well as their clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and treatment. Discussion. Due to its low incidence, this pathology constitutes a diagnostic challenge, which can be confused with other types of more common entities. The definitive diagnosis is made histopathologically, but in all cases, given clinical suspicion, complete resection is recommended. Conclusion. Two patients with a diagnosis of mucinous cystic neoplasms of the liver are presented, a rare entity that is difficult to diagnose

Complicaciones pospancreatoduodenectomía de tumores periampulares en una unidad de cirugía hepatopancreatobiliar / Post pancreaticoduodenectomy complications of periampullary tumors in a hepatopancreatobiliary surgery unit

Resumen Introducción: Los tumores periampulares se definen como lesiones ubicadas en un radio de 2 cm alrededor de la ampolla de Vater, constituidos por 4 tipos de neoplasias con una alta tasa de malignidad que pueden originarse en páncreas, ampolla, vía biliar distal o duodeno. El manejo quirúrgico a través de la pancreatoduodenectomía sigue siendo la mejor elección en términos de resección curativa. Objetivo: Caracterizar los tumores peri-ampulares tratados en nuestra institución y que fueron llevados a pancreatoduodenectomía, asociando la relación entre tipo de tumor y complicaciones posoperatorias. Material y Método: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo y observacional con seguimiento a 45 pacientes sometidos a pancreatoduodenectomía en el Hospital Internacional de Colombia - Fundación Cardiovascular entre enero de 2011 y marzo de 2020 con diagnostico histopatológico de tumor peri-ampular. Resultados: Se realizaron 75 pancreatoduodenectomía de las cuales 45 pacientes presentaron tumor peri-ampular, siendo de origen pancreático en un 44%, seguido de ampolla 40%, vía biliar distal 8,8% y duodenal 6,6%. Las complicaciones posoperatorias más frecuentes fueron fístula pancreática y vaciamiento gástrico retardado. Falleció 1 paciente. Conclusión: La pancreatoduodenectomía es un procedimiento con alta morbilidad. Gracias al avance tecnológico, el diagnóstico de patología peri ampular es cada vez más exacto. El tipo de tumor peri-ampular puede influir no solo en su pronóstico, sino también en su morbilidad posquirúrgica.

Introduction: Periampullary tumors are defined as lesions that are located in a radius of 2 centimeters around the ampulla of Vater, constituted by 4 types of neoplasms with a high rate of malignancy originated in the pancreas, ampulla, distal bile duct or duodenum. Surgical management through the pancreatoduodenectomy remains the best choice in terms of curative resection. Objetive: To characterize periampullary tumors treated in our institution with pancreatoduodenectomy, associating the relationship between tumor type and postoperative complications. Material and Method: Cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study with a follow-up of 45 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy in the Hospital Internacional de Colombia - Fundación Cardiovascular between January 2011 and March 2020 with histopathological diagnosis of periampullary tumor. Results: Were performed 75 pancreatoduodenectomies, 45 patients presented with Periampullary tumor, 44% being of pancreatic origin, followed by ampulla 40%, distal bile duct 8.8% and duodenal 6.6%. Most frequent postoperative complications were pancreatic fistula and delayed gastric emptying. Mortality was of 1 patient. Conclusión: Pancreatoduodenectomy is a procedure with a high morbidity rate. Thanks to technological advances, the diagnosis of periampullary pathology is increasingly accurate. The type of periampullary tumor may influence not only in its prognosis, but also in its post-surgical morbidity.

Pâncreas ectópico: provocando gastrite e baixo peso / Ectopic pancreas: producing gastritis and low weight

O pâncreas ectópico é uma anomalia congênita rara representada por um aglomerado de tecido pancreático aberrante fora de seu lugar anatômico natural, visto em qualquer época da vida. A localização mais frequente é o duodeno ou tecido gástrico. Suas manifestações clínicas são inespecíficas e podem dificultar o diagnóstico. A ectopia pancreática pode ser vista também em outros órgãos ou regiões extra-abdominais como, por exemplo, no pulmão, mediastino e no umbigo. A incidência do pâncreas ectópico em achados de necropsias varia entre 0,6 a 5,6%. O autor relata um caso de um paciente com pâncreas ectópico localizado no antro gástrico que provocava sintomatologia gastrointestinal associado a baixo peso e faz uma breve revisão da literatura. [au]

Ectopic pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly represented by a cluster of aberrant pancreatic tissue outside its natural anatomical place seen at any time in life. The most frequent location is the duodenum or gastric tissue. Its clinical manifestations are nonspecific and can make diagnosis difficult. Pancreatic ectopy can also be seen in other organs or extra-abdominal regions, for example, in the lung, mediastinum and umbilicus. The incidence of ectopic pancreas in necropsy findings ranges from 0.6 to 5.6%. The author reports the case of a patient with ectopic pancreas located in the gastric antrum and reviews the literature. [au]

Postnatal outcomes and prognosis of fetal intra-abdominal solid masses diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes and prognosis of children who were prenatally diagnosed with solid space-occupying abdominal lesions by ultrasound.Methods:This study retrospectively enrolled 30 children with solid space-occupying abdominal lesions that were indicated by prenatal ultrasound at Children's Hospital of Fudan University from March 2015 to March 2021. Prenatal ultrasound findings, postnatal treatment, clinical outcomes, and prognosis were analyzed.Results:These subjects included 18 male and 12 female infants, with the median gestational age at the first sonographic diagnosis of 36 weeks (28 to 39 weeks). The intra-abdominal solid masses were postnatally confirmed to be located in liver, retroperitoneum, and gastrointestinal tract, which were hepatic hemangioma ( n=14), hepatoblastoma ( n=2), neuroblastoma ( n=6), abdominal teratoma ( n=4), adrenal hematoma ( n=1), adrenocortical adenoma ( n=1), hyperplasia of renal capillary ( n=1), and gastrointestinal teratoma ( n=1). The accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in detecting the location of masses was 73% (22/30) and which was 13/16 in detecting masses from liver and 9/14 in that outside the liver. Among the 30 cases, 73% (22/30) were benign tumors, and 27% (8/30) were malignant tumors (hepatoblastoma in two cases and neuroblastoma in six cases). Among 15 patients with benign tumors (hepatic hemangioma and adrenal hematoma) who received close follow-up or drug therapy, tumor/lesion regression occurred in 13 cases and the other two were observed with stable hepatic hemangiomas. Fourteen patients, including six with neuroblastoma, two with hepatoblastoma, five with teratoma, one with adrenocortical adenoma, and one with hyperplasia of renal capillary, had good prognosis after primary tumor resection or combined with postoperative chemotherapy. One hepatoblastoma case died after withdrawing treatment. The overall survival rate was 97% (29/30) with a median follow-up time of 24 months (4 to 60 months). Conclusions:Prenatal ultrasound has high accuracy in identifying the anatomic region of fetal solid space-occupying abdominal lesions. With close postnatal follow-up and proper treatment, most of the affected fetuses will have a good outcome and prognosis.

Prognostic value of the ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin in abdominal surgery-related diseases / 国际外科学杂志

As a classical acute reactive protein, C-reactive protein is an evaluation index to reflect the severity of inflammatory reaction. Albumin can not only reflect the nutritional status of the body, but also reflect the degree of body consumption caused by disease. At present, the ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin has been proved to have a certain predictive value in a variety of abdominal surgical diseases, such as acute pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease and various abdominal tumors. Compared with the detection of C-reactive protein or albumin alone, this index has higher sensitivity and accuracy, but also has the characteristics of cheap, early and continuous detection, compared with other prognostic scores, it can provide more timely guidance for disease diagnosis and treatment and follow-up treatment, and it is considered as a new and effective prognostic index. This article reviews the prognostic value of the ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin in abdominal surgery-related diseases.

Pancreatectomy and hepatectomy: a combined surgical resection of pseudopapillary solid tumor of pancreas associated with hepatic metastasis / Pancreatectomy and hepatectomy: ressecção cirúrgica combinada de tumor pseudopapilar sólido do pâncreas com metástases hepáticas

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas has been frequently reported in the past two decades. Surgery remains the treatment of choice, with the liver being the most frequent site of metastases. AIMS: The study aimed to present an option of surgical treatment for an 18-year-old female patient with a solid lesion in the body and tail of the pancreas associated with metastatic lesions in both hepatic lobes. METHODS: Two surgical procedures were scheduled. In the first procedure, body-caudal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed, associated with the resection of three lesions of the liver's left lobe. A right hepatectomy was performed 6 months later, progressing without complications. RESULTS: The patient continues without clinical complaints on the last return, and abdominal magnetic resonance performed 28 months after the second procedure does not show liver or abdominal cavity lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge on the biological behavior of tumors, evolution, and recurrence risks allows the indication of more rational surgical techniques that best benefit patients.

RESUMO RACIONAL: O tumor sólido pseudopapilar do pâncreas tem sido relatado na literatura com mais frequência nas últimas duas décadas. A cirurgia continua sendo o tratamento indicado, sendo o fígado o local mais frequente de metástases. OBJETIVOS: Apresentar a opção de tratamento cirúrgico de paciente feminino, 18 anos, com lesão sólida no corpo e cauda do pâncreas associada a lesões metastáticas em ambos os lobos hepáticos. MÉTODOS: Dois procedimentos cirúrgicos foram agendados. No primeiro procedimento foi realizada pancreatectomia corpo-caudal com esplenectomia, associada à ressecção de 3 lesões do lobo esquerdo do fígado. A hepatectomia direita foi realizada seis meses após, evoluindo sem complicações. RESULTADOS: O paciente continua sem queixas clínicas no último retorno, e a ressonância magnética do abdomem realizada 28 meses após o segundo procedimento não mostra lesões hepáticas ou na cavidade abdominal. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento do comportamento biológico dos tumores, a evolução e os riscos de recidiva, permitem a indicação de técnicas cirúrgicas mais racionais e que melhor beneficiam os pacientes.

Application of transverse abdominis plane block in perioperative pain management of patients with abdominal tumors / 肿瘤研究与临床

Pain is one of the important factors leading to stress. Reasonable perioperative pain management is conducive to reducing stress caused by surgery, reducing the occurrence of adverse events caused by pain, accelerating postoperative recovery, shortening hospitalization time and reducing medical costs, which is one of the important contents emphasized by the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). As a kind of regional nerve block, transverse abdominis plane block (TAPB) is widely used in abdominal pain management due to its simple operation, high success rate and reliable analgesic effect, thus playing an important role in the process of ERAS. The article reviews the anatomical basis, clinical application, influencing factors and limitations of TAPB in order to provide references for the optimization of perioperative pain management in patients with abdominal tumors.

Application value of P-loop digestive tract reconstruction in pancreaticoduodenectomy / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value of P-loop digestive tract recons-truction in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 21 ampullary disease patients undergoing PD in the Liuzhou People′s Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University from April to December 2020 were collected. There were 13 males and 8 females, aged from 35 to 76 years, with a median age of 60 years. All the 21 patients underwent PD and digestive tract reconstruction using P-loop method based on the Child reconstruction. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination or telephone interview to detect survival and discomfort symptoms of patients up to December 2020. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers or persentages. Results:(1) Surgical situations: all the 21 patients underwent PD successfully. The operation time, time of P-loop anastomosis and volume of intraoperative blood loss of 21 patients were (317±74)minutes, (14±3)minutes and 375 mL(range, 100-800 mL), respectively. Of the 21 patients, 17 cases had pancreatic texture as soft, 4 cases had pancreatic texture as hard, 3 cases had diameter of pancreas ≤3 mm, 18 cases had diameter of pancreas >3 mm, 14 cases were placed pancreatic duct stent, 7 cases were not placed pancreatic duct stent. (2) Postoperative situations: 2 of the 21 patients had grade A pancreatic fistula, and none of patient had grade B or grade C pancreatic fistula. One case had hepaticojejunal anastomotic fistula, 2 cases without pancreatic fistula had delayed gastric emptying and none of patient had abdominal infection or bleeding. The duration of postoperative hospital stay of 21 patients was (16±5)days, and none of patient died during postoperative 30 days. Results of postoperative histopathological examination showed there were 10 cases with duodenal papillary carcinoma, 4 cases with lower bile duct carcinoma, 3 cases with pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma, 1 case with duodenum stromal tumors, 1 case with gastric antrum carcinoma, 1 case with mass in the head of the pancreas of IgG4 and 1 case with choledochal cyst of type 3. (3) Follow-up: all 21 patients were followed up for 1.0 to 7.0 months, with a median follow-up time of 4.3 months. None of patient died. There was no abdominal pain, distension or dyspepsia during follow-up. One case was diagnosed as tumor liver metastasis at postoperative 5 months.Conclusion:P-loop digestive tract reconstruction in PD is safe and effective, with good short-term effect.

Síndrome de Cushing provocado por carcinoma suprarrenal gigante. Caso clínico

We report a previously healthy 34-year-old woman, presenting with a seven-month history of arterial hypertension, amenorrhea, weight gain, facial edema, acne, hirsutism and low back pain. A CT scan showed a right adrenal mass of 18 × 13 × 12.5 cm, and multiple vertebral and rib fractures. The hormonal study confirmed Cushing's Syndrome. Ketoconazole, spironolactone, cotrimoxazole, calcium / vitamin D were started. An adrenalectomy with a right nephrectomy were performed. The excised tumor measured 16 cm and weighed 1.55 kg. There was tumor embolism and a 4 mm soft tissue involvement (pT3NxMx). The right kidney was free of tumor. The patient was treated with chemotherapy (etoposide plus cisplatin). Study of vertebral fractures with magnetic resonance (MRI) showed crush fractures, without images of metastatic bone lesions. One year after surgery, a CT scan showed no signs of tumor recurrence. The patient was lost from follow-up thereafter.

Teratoma extragonadal del omento mayor, una localización poco usual: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Extragonadal teratoma of the greater omentum, an unusual location: case report and review of the literature

Introducción. Los teratomas son masas de células totipotenciales, frecuentes en los ovarios o testículos. Su localización extragonadal es rara, siendo el epiplón aún más infrecuente. Hasta la actualidad se conocen aproximadamente 34 casos similares en la literatura. Presentación del caso. Se presenta una paciente de 61 años, con dolor en hemiabdomen inferior asociado a sensación de masa, con marcadores tumorales negativos e imágenes diagnósticas que muestran una masa encapsulada y calcificación anular interna sugestiva de necrosis grasa antigua versus tumor desmoide. Por la presentación clínica y los hallazgos imagenológicos se decide llevar a laparotomía exploratoria donde se encuentra masa quística dependiente de epiplón, con material sebáceo en su interior entremezclado con pelo y fragmentos óseos, que se reseca en bloque sin complicaciones. El informe del estudio histopatológico finalmente concluyó la presencia de un teratoma quístico maduro con cambios degenerativos. Por evolución satisfactoria se da egreso hospitalario. Discusión. El teratoma quístico extragonadal del epiplón es exótico en la literatura mundial, con escasos reportes de casos. En este caso, la resección mediante laparotomía resultó exitosa y sin complicaciones. Por su baja incidencia, la laparotomía ha sido una opción válida y segura para el manejo, no obstante conocer el caso permite plantear un abordaje con técnicas mínimamente invasivas

Introduction. Teratomas are totipotential cell masses, commonly located in the ovaries or testes. Its extragonadal location is rare, in the omentum being even rarer. To date, approximately 34 similar cases are known in the literature.Case presentation. A 61-year-old female patient is presented, with pain in the lower abdomen associated with a sensation of mass, with negative tumor markers and diagnostic images that show an encapsulated mass and internal annular calcification suggestive of old fat necrosis versus desmoid tumor. Due to the clinical presentation and the imaging findings, it was decided to carry out exploratory laparotomy where a cystic mass dependent on the omentum was found, with sebaceous material intermixed with hair and bone fragments, which was resected in bloc without complications. The histopathological study report finally concluded the presence of a mature cystic teratoma with degenerative changes. Due to satisfactory evolution, he was dis-charged from hospital.Discusion. Extragonadal cystic teratoma of the omentum is exotic in the world literature, with few case reports. In this case, the laparotomy resection was successful and uncomplicated. Due to its low incidence, laparotomy has been a valid and safe option for management, although knowing the case allows us to propose an approach with minimally invasive techniques

Neoplasia Pseudopapilífera Sólida de Pâncreas (Tumor de Frantz): Relato de Caso / Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas (Frantz's Tumor): Case Report / Neoplasia Sólida-Pseudopapilar de Páncreas (Tumor de Frantz): Relato de Caso

Introdução: A neoplasia pseudopapilífera sólida de pâncreas (tumor de Frantz) é muito rara e representa menos de 1% de todos os tumores pancreáticos. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 48 anos, internada para investigação de massa intra-abdominal de etiologia a esclarecer. Foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico com sucesso na ressecção tumoral e não apresentou complicações no pós-operatório. Os pacientes usualmente tornam-se sintomáticos somente após longos períodos de evolução, quando então apresentam desconforto ou dor abdominal, ou a palpação de massas abdominais no exame físico. Para o diagnóstico, são necessários exames de imagem como ultrassonografia e tomografia computadorizada, que geralmente evidenciam volumosas massas heterogêneas intra-abdominais. É necessária a confirmação com estudo anatomopatológico e comumente estas possuem características histológicas compatíveis com tumores de baixo grau de malignidade. A ressecção cirúrgica é o tratamento recomendado e mesmo os tumores de grandes dimensões possuem chances de curas consideráveis, se for possível obter margens cirúrgicas livres. Sabe-se que a ressecção tumoral completa é associada a longos períodos de sobrevida. Conclusão: A neoplasia pseudopapilífera sólida de pâncreas (tumor de Frantz), apesar de rara, deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de tumores de pâncreas, já que o tratamento cirúrgico apresenta boas chances de cura mesmo em tumores de grandes dimensões.

Introduction: The solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (Frantz's tumor) is a neoplasm extremely rare that represents less than 1% of all the pancreatic tumors. Case report: 48 years old female patient was hospitalized with intra-abdominal mass of etiology hard to define. She was submitted to surgical treatment with successful laparotomy tumor resection and there were no postoperative complications. The patients usually become symptomatic only after long time of evolution, when they have discomfort or abdominal pain or palpation of abdominal masses during physical examination. Complementary exams like ultrasound and computed tomography are necessary to diagnosis and usually they show heterogeneous large intra-abdominal masses. It is necessary the confirmation with anatomopathological study which usually has histological characteristics compatible with low-grade malignancy. The surgical resection is the recommended treatment and even large size tumors has a considerable chance of cure if free surgical margins are obtained. It is known that complete tumoral resection is associated with long-term survival. Conclusion: The solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (Frantz's tumor), although rare, should be considered in differential diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms because surgical treatment usually has good chances of cure even in large size tumors

Introducción: La neoplasia sólida-pseudopapilar de páncreas (tumor de Frantz) es muy extraordinaria y representa menos de 1% de todos los tumores pancreáticos. Relato del caso: Paciente do sexo femenino, 48 años, internada para investigación de masa intraabdominal de etiología a esclarecer. Fue sometida al tratamiento quirúrgico con éxito en la resección tumoral y no presentó complicaciones en el postoperatorio. Los pacientes por lo general se convierten en sintomáticos solamente después de largos períodos de evolución, cuando presentan incomodidad o dolor abdominal o existe palpación de masas abdominales en el examen físico. Para el diagnóstico son necesarios exámenes de imagen como ecografía y tomografía computarizada que generalmente demuestran voluminosas masas heterogéneas intraabdominales. Es necesaria la confirmación con examen anatomopatológico y generalmente tienen características histológicas compatibles con tumores de poco grado de malignidad. La resección quirúrgica es el tratamiento indicado y mismo tumores de grandes dimensiones poseen posibilidades de curas considerables se sea posible obtener márgenes quirúrgicas libres. Se sabe que a resección tumoral completa es asociada a largos períodos de sobrevida. Conclusión: La neoplasia sólida-pseudopapilar de páncreas o tumor de Frantz: a pesar de extraordinaria, debe ser considerada en el diagnóstico diferencial de tumores de páncreas y a que el tratamiento quirúrgico presenta buenas posibilidades de cura, mismo en tumores de grandes proporciones.

Rates of success and failure of biopsies of hollow abdominal organs: descriptive analysis / Taxas de sucesso e insucesso em biópsias percutâneas ecoguiadas de lesões em órgãos abdominais não sólidos: análise descritiva

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the rates of success and failure of ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy of lesions in hollow abdominal organs, as well as the influence of contrast enhancement on those rates. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study evaluating patients submitted to ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy of abdominal lesions in hollow organs between January 2017 and June 2018. Patient records were reviewed using a standardized data collection form. Results: We included 49 procedures performed in 48 patients, of whom 18 (38%) had a prior diagnosis of cancer. Malignancy was suspected in 44 cases (90%). Among those 44 cases, the suspicion was of a new neoplasm in 28 (64%), of relapse in 11 (25%), and of a metastatic lesion in 5 (11%). The histopathological findings were sufficient to make the diagnosis in all 44 of those cases, 33 (75%) of which were found to be malignant. The diagnosis was consistent with the clinical suspicion in 33 (75%) of the cases in which there was a definitive histological result. There were no complications resulting from the procedure. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy is a safe procedure that demonstrates high efficacy in providing a sufficient sample for the diagnosis. The main reason to perform such a biopsy is suspicion of a new neoplasm, followed by suspicion of a metastatic lesion. The histopathological results were concordant with the suspicion in the majority of the cases evaluated here.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar as taxas de sucesso e insucesso das biópsias percutâneas ecoguiadas de lesões em órgãos abdominais não sólidos e a influência da realização de contraste nessa técnica. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo que avaliou doentes submetidos a biópsias percutâneas ecoguiadas de lesões em órgãos abdominais não sólidos, entre janeiro de 2017 e junho de 2018. Os dados clínicos dos doentes foram revistos usando um método padronizado de colheita de dados. Resultados: Foram incluídos 49 procedimentos realizados em 48 doentes, dos quais 18 (38%) tinham diagnóstico prévio de câncer. Em 44 (90%) suspeitava-se de malignidade: 28 (64%) de suspeita de diagnósticos de novo de neoplasia, 11 (25%) de recidiva neoplásica e 5 (11%) de lesões metastáticas. Os resultados histopatológicos permitiram fazer o diagnóstico em 44 casos (90%), sendo 33 (67%) malignos. O diagnóstico foi concordante com a suspeita clínica em 33 (75%) dos casos com resultado histológico definitivo. Não ocorreram complicações resultantes das biópsias. Conclusão: A realização de biópsias ecoguiadas é segura e capaz de fornecer amostra suficiente para permitir o diagnóstico definitivo. O principal motivo para realizar biópsias ecoguiadas é a suspeita de neoplasia de novo, seguida da suspeita de metástases. Os resultados histopatológicos foram concordantes com a suspeita clínica na maioria dos casos.

Síndrome de opsoclonus mioclonus secundario a neuroblastoma abdominal. Presentación de un caso clínico pediátrico / Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome secondary to abdominal neuroblastoma. Presentation of a pediatric clinical case

El síndrome de opsoclonus mioclonus es un trastorno poco frecuente en pediatría. El diagnóstico es clínico y se caracteriza por la presencia de, al menos, tres de los siguientes: opsoclonus, mioclonías, ataxia, irritabilidad y trastornos del sueño. En más del 50 % de los casos, se asocia con la presencia de neuroblastoma. Es un trastorno de origen inmunitario y su tratamiento es a base de inmunosupresores, inmunomoduladores y resección tumoral en los casos secundarios a neuroblastoma. Entre el 70 % y el 80 % de los casos pueden tener secuelas neurológicas, dependiendo de la causa, la gravedad inicial de los síntomas y la velocidad de instauración del tratamiento.Se presenta el caso de un varón de 2 años con diagnóstico de síndrome de opsoclonus mioclonus secundario a un neuroblastoma suprarrenal izquierdo, en el que se realizó la resección tumoral y el tratamiento con corticoides, inmunoglobulina y rituximab.

Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome is a rare disorder among pediatric patients.The diagnosis is clinical and is characterized by the presence of at least three of the following: opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia, irritability and sleep disorders. In over 50 % of cases it is associated with the presence of Neuroblastoma. It is a disorder of immune origin and its treatment is based on immunosuppressants, immunomodulators and tumor resection in cases secondary to Neuroblastoma. Up to 70 % to 80 % of cases may present neurological sequelae, depending on the cause, the initial severity of symptoms and the delay of proper treatment. We present the case of a 2-year-old male with diagnosis of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome secondary to a left adrenal Neuroblastoma. Tumor resection and treatment with corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and rituximab were performed.

Actinomicosis de pared abdominal con infiltración hepática simulando una neoplasia maligna: reporte de un caso / Abdominal wall actinomycosis with hepatic infiltration mimicking a malignant neoplasm: case report

La infección por Actinomices (actinomicosis), es una entidad poco frecuente y que puede crear dificultades diagnósticas y terapéuticas; principalmente cuando por su presentación se asemeja a neoplasias malignas. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar un caso de actinomicosis de pared abdominal con infiltración hepática y revisar la evidencia existente. Se trata de una paciente sexo femenino, de 33 años de edad, sin antecedentes quirúrgicos ni de utilización de dispositivos intra-uterinos. Consultó por dolor abdominal y masa palpable a nivel epigástrico. Se estudió con imágenes, las que permitieron verificar una masa de pared abdominal con trayecto fistuloso al hígado. Se realizó una exéresis amplia de la lesión antes descrita. Una vez extirpado el espécimen, se fue a estudio histopatológico, que reveló gránulos de azufre consistentes con actinomices. La paciente evolució de forma satisfactoria, sin inconvenientes. Presentamos un caso poco común de actinomicosis de pared abdominal con infiltración hepática. Cuando se encuentra una gran masa intraperitoneal, la actinomicosis debe incluirse en el proceso de diagnóstico diferencial.

Actinomyces infection (actinomycosis) may create diagnostic conflicts and be confused with malignant neoplasms, especially in the abdomen. The objective of this study was to report a case of abdominal wall actinomycosis with hepatic infiltration, and review the existing evidence. Female patient, 33 years of age, with no surgical history or use of intra-uterine devices. She consulted for abdominal pain and palpable mass at the epigastrium. It was studied with images, which allowed verifying an abdominal wall mass with hepatic fistulae. A broad extirpation of the lesion was performed. The histological study revealed sulfur granules consistent with actinomyces. The patient has evolved satisfactorily, without problems; and is currently in treatment with amoxicillin. We present an unusual case of abdominal wall actinomycosis with hepatic infiltration that resulted in a difficult diagnosis. When a large intraperitoneal mass is found, actinomycosis needs to be included as a differential diagnoses.

Global and Multidimensional Symptom Assessments in Patients Presenting Abdominal Neoplasms / Evaluación global y multidimensional de síntomas en pacientes con neoplasias abdominales / Avaliação global e miltidimensional de sintomas em pacientes com neoplasias abdominais

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate symptoms among patients with abdominal cancer and associated factors. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study with 100 patients. The prevalence of symptoms was evaluated through the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) and its association with demographic and clinical variables using chi-square and ANOVA tests. Results: The most prevalent symptoms were weight loss (64.0 %), pain (56.0 %), dry mouth (50.0 %), "I do not look more myself" (48.0 %) and lack of energy (45.0 %). There was a significant difference between sex and high-frequency (PHYS-H) (p = 0.001) and low-frequency (PHYS-L) physical symptoms (p = 0.004), and for general scale (TMSAS) (p = 0.002); (p = 0.001), general range (p = 0.027) and borderline significance for the global scale (GDI) (p = 0.051); high-frequency physical symptoms (p = 0.022), low-frequency physical symptoms (p = 0.034) and the overall scale (p = 0.034). There was one major complaint regarding the severity of high-frequency physical symptoms in patients with liver cancer (p = 0.018). Conclusion: Symptoms of physical and psychological aspects in cancer patients were associated with gender, race, marital status and tumor location. There is a need for tools to assess symptoms and enable health professionals to intervene more effectively.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar los síntomas entre los pacientes con cáncer abdominal y factores asociados. Materiales y método: estudio transversal realizado con 100 pacientes. Se evaluó la prevalencia de los síntomas, a través de la Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS), y su asociación con variables demográficas y clínicas, por medio de pruebas de chi cuadrado y ANOVA. Resultados: los síntomas más prevalentes fueron pérdida de peso (64,0 %), dolor (56,0 %), boca seca (50,0 %), "No me siento yo mismo" (48,0 %) y falta de energía (45,0 %). Hay una diferencia significativa entre el sexo y los síntomas físicos de alta frecuencia (PHYS-H) (p = 0,001) y de baja frecuencia (PHYS-L) (p = 0,004), y para escala general (TMSAS) (p = 0,002); entre la raza y los síntomas físicos de alta frecuencia (p = 0,008), la escala general (p = 0,027) y la significancia limítrofe para la escala global (GDI) (p = 0,051); el estado civil y los síntomas físicos de alta frecuencia (p = 0,022), los síntomas físicos de baja frecuencia (p = 0,034) y la escala general (p = 0,034). Hubo una queja mayor en relación a la gravedad de los síntomas físicos de alta frecuencia en pacientes con cáncer de hígado (p = 0,018). Conclusión: síntomas de aspectos físicos y psicológicos en pacientes oncológicos se han asociado al sexo, la raza, el estado civil y la localización del tumor. Existe la necesidad de instrumentos para que los síntomas sean evaluados y permitan que los profesionales de la salud puedan intervenir de manera más eficaz.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar sintomas entre pacientes com câncer abdominal e fatores associados. Materiais e método: estudo transversal realizado com 100 pacientes. Foi avaliada a prevalência dos sintomas, através do Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS), e sua associação com variáveis demográficas e clínicas, por meio de testes de qui quadrado e ANOVA. Resultados: os sintomas mais prevalentes foram perda de peso (64,0 %), dor (56,0 %), boca seca (50,0 %), "Eu não pareço mais eu mesmo" (48,0 %) e falta de energia (45,0 %). Há diferença significativa entre sexo e sintomas físicos de alta frequência (PHYS-H) (p = 0,001) e de baixa frequência (PHYS-L) (p = 0,004), e para escala geral (TMSAS) (p = 0,002); entre raça e sintomas físicos de alta frequência (p = 0,008), escala geral (p = 0,027) e significância limítrofe para a escala global (GDI) (p = 0,051); estado civil e sintomas físicos de alta frequência (p = 0,022), sintomas físicos de baixa frequência (p = 0,034) e a escala geral (p = 0,034). Houve uma queixa maior em relação à gravidade de sintomas físicos de alta frequência em pacientes com câncer de fígado (p = 0,018). Conclusão: sintomas de aspectos físico e psicológico em pacientes oncológicos foram associados a sexo, raça, estado civil e localização do tumor. Há necessidade de instrumentos para que os sintomas sejam avaliados e permitam que profissionais de saúde possam intervir de maneira mais eficaz.

Application of modified tracking components in CyberKnife treatment of thoracic and abdominal tumors / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective@#To improve synchrony tracking components of CyberKnife (tracking vest and tracking markers) and to analyze the clinical application value of the improved tracking components in CyberKnife treatment of thoracic and abdominal tumors.@*Methods@#The tracking apron was made of knitted four-side elastic spandex cloth and suture design of Velcro, which was used to stick the tracking markers on the chest and abdomen of patients. The tracking markers added a 2 cm thick light foam block to the bottom of the original markers, and then the hook face of the Velcro was fixed to the bottom of the light foam. The improved trace component (the improved component) and the original component (the vendor component) were applied to the lung tracking treatment model, and the manufacturer components were included in the reference group. Adoption of improved components into the observation group; 20 different types of respiratory waveforms were simulated and applied to the same mold plan. After treatment, the coverage rate, mean standard deviation, maximum standard deviation and the slope of XYZ-axis vs. R correlation graph were recorded. The relevant parameters of Synchrony model and wearable time of two components were compared, and the application significances of the improved tracking component in the breathing tracking process of the CyberKnife were evaluated.@*Results@#The maximum slope [median(interquartile range)] of XYZ-axis vs. R related graph in the reference group was 0.73 (3.89), 0.27 (0.49) and 0.34 (1.02), respectively. The maximum slope of XYZ-axis vs. R related graph in the observation group was 0.70 (2.78), 0.31 (0.30) and 0.36 (0.75), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the slope of XYZ-axis vs. R between the reference group and the observation group (all P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the average standard error and maximum standard error between the reference group and the observation group [(1.7±0.4) mm vs. (1.7±0.5) mm, t=-0.382, P= 0.710; (2.0±0.6) mm vs. (1.7±0.5) mm, t=-0.877, P= 0.401], and the difference of the model coverage rate between the two groups was statistically significant [(48±18)% vs. (60±22)%, t= 2.762, P= 0.042]. The setup time of tracking components in the observation group was less than that in the reference group, and the difference was statistically significant [(44±24) s vs. (81±15) s, t=-4.310, P= 0.001].@*Conclusions@#The improved tracking components are comparable to the manufacturer tracking components in the standard error of the Synchrony model. The improved components shorten the wear time and appropriately improve the coverage of the Synchrony model.

Quisto mesentérico ­ uma raridade / Mesenteric cyst ­ a rarity

Os quistos mesentéricos são tumores intra-abdominais raros, com uma incidência descrita de 1/100 000 a 1/250 000 admissões hospitalares por dor abdominal. Localizam-se no mesentério do duodeno ao reto, principalmente no íleo. Os sintomas associados a estas massas não são específicos e a maioria dos casos são assintomáticos, sendo descobertos incidentalmente por exames de imagem ou durante exploração cirúrgica abdominal. O tratamento consiste na excisão cirúrgica e o diagnóstico é histológico. Apresenta-se o caso de um homem de 92 anos, internado num Serviço de Medicina Interna, que realizou uma angiotomografia axial computorizada abdominal que permitiu visualizar em localização sub-hepática uma lesão quística compatível com um quisto entérico de grandes dimensões constituído por 2 locas, sem comunicação, separadas pela vesícula biliar.

Mesenteric cysts are rare intra-abdominal tumors, with a reported incidence of 1/100 000 to 1/250 000 hospital admissions. They are located in the mesentery from duodenum to rectum, mainly in the ileum. The symptoms associated aren't specific and most cases are asymptomatic, being discovered incidentally during imaging tests or abdominal surgery. The treatment is the xcision of the cyst and the diagnosis is histological. We describe a case of a 92 years old man, admitted to the internal medicine service, which performed a computed tomography angiography that showed an infra hepatic cyst lesion compatible with an enteric multi-locular cyst, divided by the gallbladder.

Case for diagnosis. Ulcerated intradermal nevus simulating Sister Mary Joseph's nodule

Abstract: We report a case of a 76-year-old patient with a history of recent weight loss and ulcerated umbilical nodular lesion. Initially, we considered the diagnostic hypothesis of Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. However, histopathological evaluation revealed that it was an ulcerated intradermal nevus. We perform a brief review of umbilical nodules.